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你的任务：最大的问题是：我们神经元中的MAC是什么类型的离子通道？它们是只对一种离子有选择性和可渗透性，还是对几种不同的阳离子和/或阴离子无选择性渗透性？如果它们确实只对一种特定的离子种类有选择性地渗透，那么哪一种是最可能的候选者？你如何通过分析提供的信息（我们的实验数据）来判断这一点？
Your Assignment: The big question is: What type of ion channels are the MACs in our neurons? Are they selective and permeable for only one ion species, or are they unselectively permeable for several different cation and/or anion species? If they are indeed selectively permeable for only one specific ion species which one is the most likely candidate?
How can you tell this by analyzing the provided information (data from our experiments)?
Task:
Your Assignment:
The big question is: What type of ion channels are the MACs in our neurons? Are they selective and permeable for only one ion species, or are they unselectively permeable for several different cation and/or anion species? If they are indeed selectively permeable for only one specific ion species which one is the most likely candidate?
How can you tell this by analyzing the provided information (data from our experiments)? Your job is to
I) formulate a hypothesis describing what type of ion channel we can expect our MACs to be, and reasonably explain why and how you come to this conclusion (10 points), and
II) think about, describe, explain, and discuss a possible strategy for a follow‐up experiment that we could do to verify your hypothesis (4 points). For part II keep in mind what factors determine an ion’s equilibrium potentials and how we could use this to test your hypothesis.
In addition, answer the following questions that may help to complete I) and II):
III) Looking at the results (Figure 1, Table 2) describe what forces drive the ion flow across the membrane through open MACs at ‐ 100 mV, ‐50 mV, 0 mV, +50 mV, and +100 mV. How does changes in VM determine the direction of ion flow across the membrane, i.e., the membrane current we measured (see Figure 1 and Table 2)? (4 points)
IV) Imagine doing this experiment without voltage‐clamp, i.e., have the cell at its natural membrane resting potential of VM = ‐55.7 mV when starting stimulation and ions crossing the membrane through open MACs carrying a membrane current. How would the flow of ions across the membrane (and the current carried by those ions) affect the membrane potential VM under non‐voltage‐clamp conditions? Will VM change or not, and if it changes will VM become more negative (hyperpolarize) or less negative (depolarize)?
Explain your answer! (4 points)
V) Will the results of this experiments change if it is conducted at 10 °C? What parameters will change, how does this affect the observed current, and would the change require you to review your hypothesis under I) and follow‐up experiment II)? (3 points)
Sounds though? Think about what you learned in class and use it to interpret information can be read out of Figure 1 and Table 2. Ask yourself the following questions before writing up your assignment. Think before you write, and proofread not only for spelling and grammar, but also for logical flow in your argumentation.
What forces drive the movement of ions across the cell membrane through open ion channels (here MACs) and determine the direction of ion movement at different VM?
What ion species (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, or Cl‐) can carry the observed current across the cell membrane at the given VM, i.e., move in the required direction across the membrane at the different VMs to result in the observed current IR?
Why did we care about calculating and knowing equilibrium potentials prior to our experiments?
How can we prevent ions from flowing through open ion channels or speed‐up their flow in experiments like this one?
What will happen if we change the extracellular concentration of one ion species? Will this change the resulting membrane current carried by this ion species and the resulting data plot?
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